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2016年暨南大学外国语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题考研试题
I. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part. (20%)
1. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the ________ and the North Sea in the ________.
A. east; north C. southeast; northeast
B. south; north D. south; east
2. Which of the following does NOT belong to the British Parliament in the full sense?
A. The House of Commons C. Senate
B. The House of Lords D. Sovereign
3. Students who pass the exam of “the 11 plus” in Britain can go to ________.
A. grammar schools C. public schools
B. comprehensive schools D. technical schools
4. The Falkland Islands War was between Britain and ________.
A. France C. Argentina
B. New Zealand D. Australia
5. The Open University in UK does not offer degrees and other courses for adult students from _______.
A. America C. France
B. Belgium D. Germany
6. ________ has earned the name of “Cottonpolis”.
A. Birmingham C. Edinburgh
B. Cardiff D. Manchester
7. The famous Silicon Valley is in the state of ________.
A. California C. Illinois
B. Idaho D. Texas
8. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by ________.
A. the New Deal C. technological changes
B. new energy sources D. World War II
9. ________ is often used to refer to the U.S. Department of Defense.
A. Capitol Hill C. The Pentagon
B. The Empire State Building D. The White House
10. The First Continental Congress was held in 1774 in ________.
A. Louisiana C. Philadelphia
B. New York D. Washington
11. The Expenditure in American public schools is guided or directed by ________.
A. boards of education C. students
B. headmaster D. teachers
12. The invention of ________ marked the beginning of “the Age of Visual Information”.
A. computer C. telegraph
B. newspaper D. television
13. Detroit is famous for the production of ________.
A. automobile C. steel
B. bamboo D. timber
14. Admission to a university is determined by ________ in the United States.
A. each university C. students’ points
B. education board D. the secondary school
15. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of ______.
A. 12th century C. 14th century
B. 13th century D. 15th century
16. In Canada, the term of the Governor General is ________ years.
A. three C. five
B. four D. six
17. ________ claimed that Australia and New Zealand belonged to Britain in 1770.
A. Abel Tasman C. Christopher Columbus
B. Amerigo Vespucci D. James Cook
18. In Australia, the Constitution can be changed only by ________.
A. referendum C. the Prime Minister
B. British Queen D. the Supreme Court
19. Which city is known as “city of sails” in New Zealand?
A. Auckland C. Dunedin
B. Christchurch D. Wellington
20. The population of Ireland is predominantly of ________ origin.
A. English C. Norman
B. Celtic D. French
II. Fill in the blanks with proper answers. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part. (20%)
1. Chomsky’s ________ Hypothesis states that children are born with a language acquisition device, a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning.
2. Speech organs, also known as vocal organs, are those parts of the human body involved in the ________ of speech.
3. The word distempered has three morphemes, namely, dis-, temper, and -ed, of which temper is a ________ morpheme, while dis- and -ed are ________ morphemes.
4. The borrowing of ________ is a process in which both form and meaning are borrowed with only a slight change to the phonological system of the new language.
5. ________, together with openness, is generally regarded as the core of creativity of language.
6. Propositional logic studies the ________ for propositions, while predicate logic studies the ________ of simple propositions.
7. From a psycholinguistic point of view, we store a great deal of information about the properties of words in our ________, and retrieve this information when we understand language.
8. Mark Johnson (1987) defines a(n) ________ as a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and structure to our experiences.
9. The 1970s witnessed a change in language teaching when Hyme’s theory of ________ was introduced into the field.
10. In saying “Morning!” the speaker intends to perform a(n) ________ act of greeting.
11. It was in 1798, with the publication of William Wordsworth’s ________, in collaboration with S.T. Coleridge, that romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.
12. The typical feature of Robert Browning's poetry is the ________.
13. As one of the great innovators of the modern novel, Virginia Woolf developed the technique of ________ in her writing, which focuses on the complex lives of characters’ inner minds instead of outward actions.
14. Thomas Gray’s ________ is regarded to be the most representative works of Graveyard school.
15. The English sonnet, also known as Shakespearean sonnet, usually has a regular rhyme scheme of ________.
16. Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of ________.
17. ________ is a current of literary theory that dominated Anglo-American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasizes close reading, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object.
18. ________ established himself as the spokesman for the school of "Art for art's sake", which affirmed that art was valuable as art, that artistic pursuits were their own justification and that art did not need moral justification.
19. J. Alfred Prufrock is a representative character in ________’s poem which deals with spiritually exhausted people and captures their sense of defeat for failing to act courageously.
20. In 1925, Fitzgerald wrote his best novel ________. It is a story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.
III. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET according to requirements. Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part. (10%)
Section A: Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. If it is true, write T on the ANSWER SHEET. If it is false, write F on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. According to Chomsky, a universal grammar is a theory for studying the initial states, and particular grammars are theories for studying the states of acquisition.
2. The weak version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis claims that language plays a decisive role in shaping our ways of thinking.
3. Linguistically, names for superordinate categories are often mass nouns when basic level terms are count names.
4. In English, the “ch[tS]” of church and the “j[dZ]” of jet are both fricatives.
5. In literary texts, the grammatical system of language is often exploited, experimented with, or made to deviate from other, more everyday, forms of language.
Section B: Identify the author and indicate the genre of each of the following works.
1. Oliver Twist
2. Mrs Warren’s Profession
3. “To My Coy Mistress”
4. The Grapes of Wrath
5. The Hairy Ape
IV. Choose SIX terms from the following and explain them briefly. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)
1. The IPA
2. Back-formation
3. Semantic Triangle
4. Construal
5. Performatives
6. Error Analysis
7. Byronic Hero
8. Critical Realism
9. Metaphor
10. Imagist Movement
11. The Beat Generation
12. Black Humor
V. Answer the following questions. According to different majors, choose the ones you must do. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)
Section A (for linguistics candidates only)：
1. What is the relationship between arbitrariness and convention?
2. Give a componential analysis of such words as father, mother, son and daughter.
3. Analyze the following short dialog using Grice’s Cooperative Principle.
A: Where is John?
B: He’s gone to the library. He said so when he left.
4. Analyze the structural ambiguity in the following sentence by drawing tree diagrams.
The children watched the firework from the hill.
Section B (for literature candidates only )：
1. What do you think of the setting of “Break, Break, Break”? Discuss what you consider to be the poem’s central points.
2. Based on Mrs. Dalloway, discuss Virginia Woolf’s writing techniques.
3. Based on Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie, discuss the typical features of American Naturalism.
4. In what sense is William Faulkner regarded as one of the representative writers of depicting the South?
VI. Choose ONE of the following and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)
1. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) is now a popular teaching approach among language researchers. State your own opinion about TBLT (including its advantages and disadvantages) using your linguistic knowledge. (for linguistics candidates only)
2. Analyze the following poem as to its theme, poetic form, and rhetorical devices, and develop it into an essay of 200 words (for literature candidates only).
……
Because I could not stop for Death
Emily Dickinson
Because I could not stop for Death,
He kindly stopped for me;
The carriage held but just ourselves
And Immortality.
We slowly drove, he knew no haste,
And I had put away
My labor, and my leisure too,
For his civility.
We passed the school, where children strove
At recess, in the ring;
We passed the fields of gazing grain,
We passed the setting sun.
Or rather, he passed us;
The dews grew quivering and chill,
For only gossamer my gown,
My tippet only tulle.
We paused before a house that seemed
A swelling of the ground;
The roof was scarcely visible,
The cornice but a mound.
Since then 'tis centuries, and yet each
Feels shorter than the day
I first surmised the horses' heads
Were toward eternity.
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