2018年杭州师范大学723综合英语硕士研究生入学考试试题

杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 1 页）
杭 州 师 范 大 学
2018 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题
考试科目代码： 723
考试科目名称： 综合英语
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
I. Cloze（每小题 1 分，共 30 分）
Directions: Fill in each of the blanks with one word. Its first letter is given as a clue.
Speed and comfort
People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would
prefer to go (1) b________ land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting
in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It
is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial
(2)s________, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls
you (3) t________ sleep. During the day, sleep comes (4) i________ snatches. At night,
when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are
(5)l________ enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue
light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your passport when you (6) c________ a frontier.
Inevitably you arrive (7) a________ your destination almost exhausted. Long car
journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways
you can, at least, travel fairly safely at (8) h________ speeds, but more often than
(9)n________, the greater part of the journey is spent (10) o________ narrow, bumpy
roads which are crowded (11) w________ traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises
offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs (12) o________ the
spacious decks, play (13) g________, meet interesting people and enjoy good food --
always assuming, of course, (14) t________ the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are
likely to get seasick, no form of (15) t________ could be worse. Even if you travel in
ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to
sacrifice up to a third of their (16) h________ for the pleasure of travelling by sea.
Aeroplanes have the reputation of being (17) d________ and even hardened
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2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 2 页）
travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being the most
(18) e________ form of transport. But nothing can match them for (19) s________ and
comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500
miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking
your mind (20) o________ the journey, for an aeroplane gets you (21) t________ your
destination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the
(22)f________. The real escapist can (23) w________ a film and sip champagne on
some services. But even when such refinements are not (24) a________, there is plenty
to keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the
world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and (25) d________ valleys. You
really see the shape of the (26) l________. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can
enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before
you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is
nothing to (27) p________ you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend
your (28) t________, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your (29) d__________
fresh and uncrumpled. You will (30) n_________ have to spend the next few days
recovering from a long and arduous journey.
II. Reading Comprehension (每小题 2 分，共 60 分)
Directions: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by five
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,
B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on
the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we
would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have
managed to convince myself that if it weren't for my job I would immediately head out
for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the county.
But how realistic is the dream?
Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population lives in massive
tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends
to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky,
or other blocks of fiats. Children become aggressive and nervous-cooped up at home all
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2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 3 页）
day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world.
Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other,
nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don't even say hello to each other.
Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a
sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People
have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need
help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among
friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important
events that take place in cities. There's little possibility of going to a new show or the
latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the
ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller
who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and
quiet.
What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but
suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off: the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and
constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the
centre of things, and that life doesn't come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some
people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have
expressed their preference for the "quiet life" by leaving the suburbs and moving to
villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much
sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind – they are polluted with strange ideas
about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants
of the villages.
What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring "morning" to
the locals as they pass by. I'm keen on the idea, but you see there's my cat, Toby. I'm not
at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean,
can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather
have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.
1. We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author _____.
A. used to live in the country
B. used to work in the city
C. works in the city
D. lives in the country
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2. In the author's opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy
EXCEPT _____.
A. a strong sense of fear
B. lack of communication
C. housing conditions
D. a sense of isolation
3. The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the country
EXCEPT _____.
A. daily necessities
B. fresh fruits
C. designer clothes
D. fresh vegetables
4. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those
people who work in large cities and live in villages?
A. Original.
B. Quiet.
C. Arrogant.
D. Insensitive.
5. Do you think the author will move to the country?
A. Yes, he will do so.
B. No, he will not do so.
C. It is difficult to tell.
D. He is in two minds.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own
affairs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White
Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese
mint Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native people
have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of
the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five
years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without
some degree of autonomy.
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But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John
Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian
natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want
greater autonomy within the state – as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over
matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs
(OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has
now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is
the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official
independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from dear how many
people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with
more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want
their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this
issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993,
the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and
many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to
legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.
6. Hawaii's native minority refers to _____.
A. Hawaii's ethnic groups
B. people of Filipino origin
C. the Ka Lahui group
D. people with 50% Hawaiian blood
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the Hawaiian natives?
A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.
B. Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.
C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.
8. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?
A. He is Hawaii's flint native governor.
B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.
D. He is leading the local independence movement.
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2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 6 页）
9. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of
sovereignty?
A. American Indian natives.
B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
C. The Ka Lahui group.
D. The Hawaiian natives.
10. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _____.
A. a greater autonomy within the state
B. more back rent on the crown land
C. a claim on the Hawaiian crown land
D. full independence from the US
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"－physical objects that can
be seen, held, felt, used－that a culture produces. Examining a culture's tools and
technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into
the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most
vivid body of "things" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for
ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the
phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about
music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of
evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study
of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the
movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can
outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development
of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk
music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from
print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the
past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety
because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and
different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on
musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.
One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out: the
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2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 7 页）
influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and
videocassette, with the future promising talking and computers and other developments.
This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as
important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are
not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.
11. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _____.
A. it helps produce new cultural tools and technology
B. it can reflect the development of the nation
C. it helps understand the nation's past and present
D. it can demonstrate the nation's civilization
12. It can be learned from this passage that _____.
A. the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and
Chinese music
B. Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in
the symphony orchestra
C. the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern
Western music
D. the musical instrument in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basic
of Near Eastern music
13. According to the author, music notation is important because _____.
A. it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to
read it
B. it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by musicians
C. it is the printed version of standardized folk music
D. it encourages people to popularize versions of songs
14. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into
the world of music _____.
A. has brought about an information revolution
B. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computers
C. has given rise to new forms of music culture
D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
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2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 8 页）
15. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced
by computers.
B. Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.
C. Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.
D. The development of music culture is highly dependant on its material aspects.
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Wrong choices and unwise options can daze our lives. Life is an art, and the
anticipation of future evils, foolish thoughts, and the chasing alter material wealth are
causes of unhappiness. Only through wisdom - given by philosophy - can we enrich
the meaning of our lives, and get happiness. In short, that’s the position of an important
group of ancient philosophers, the most outstanding of which is, perhaps, Epicurus
(341-270 BCE).
Epicurus was a believer in a secluded life, a life in small communities whose
members should cultivate friendship, wisdom, and, ultimately, pleasure. ―Pleasure is the
beginning and the end of living happily‖, Epicurus argued. ―It’s the first and innate
good, and it is based upon this that we should make our choices and establish our
aversions.‖
But Epicurus was not exactly a hedonist. Epicurus emphasized pleasure, but not
indiscriminate pleasures. Epicurus was also an adept of moderation. ―It is not an
unbroken succession of parties and revelry, not women and child, not the enjoyment of
the fish and other delicacies of a luxurious table, which produce a pleasant life; it is
sober reasoning, searching out the grounds of every choice and avoidance, and
banishing those beliefs through which the greatest tumults take possession of the soul,‖
he said.
We don’t really know what life was like for the many Epicurist communities (very
popular and numerous in the ancient Greek and Roman empires). But the first
Christians, namely Saint Augustine, fought them violently, charging them with
hedonism, and even of orgies and debauchery. This could have happened in some of the
thousands of Epicurist communities, but probably it’s exaggerated, something spotted by
the fundamentalism of the first Christians.
Epicurus’ writings show a moderate and sensible man, advocating contention, a
position common to philosophers such as Socrates or the Stoics, who overemphasized it.
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There is, anyway, a profound difference between Epicurus’ philosophy of life and
the ones born from Christianity. To Saint Augustine, the father of the medieval-Christian
philosophy of life, happiness was in the faith in God, in the certainty brought by that
faith, in the joy which it allows. ―I will look for You in order that my soul lives, because
my body lives from my soul, and my soul, lives from You‖ (Saint Augustine). Happiness
is, therefore, something that should be searched for outside the secular world. It doesn’t
pass by physical or even intellectual pleasures. ―Far from me, far from the heart of your
serf, my God, confessing to You, the idea of finding happiness in whatever the joy!‖
Happiness, to Saint Augustine, was also not in the oblivion of our future evils, or in
emotional unattachment (as claimed by Buddhist, Hindu and Taoist schools); and it was
even less in eating our ―bread with joy, and drinking your wine with a merry heart, for
God has already accepted your works,‖ as advocated in the Ecclesiastes. ―Happiness is a
joy that is not granted to the impious, but only to those who serve you through pure
love: because you are that joy! To rejoice from You, in You and by You, that is
happiness. And there is no other," argued Saint Augustine. Happiness passed to depend
wholly in the creed and in attachment to God. With Christianity, the philosophies of life
spreading upon the western world, changed dramatically.
Only with secularization introduced by the Renaissance and deepened in the
following centuries, did the major principles of classic Greek philosophy, as pleaded by
Epicurus, - valuing pleasure, friendship and profane love - regain importance.
16. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Contrasting European conceptions of happiness.
B. The Epicurists.
C. The Augustinians.
D. The Renaissance.
17. According to the passage, all of the following describe the behavior of Epicurists
EXCEPT that _____.
A. they value pleasure
B. they value secluded life
C. they search for happiness outside the secular world
D. they value moderation
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2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 10 页）
18. What is the implied meaning of the word ―hedonist‖ in Paragraph 3?
A. A seeker of indiscriminate pleasures.
B. A seeker of secular pleasures.
C. A seeker of profane love.
D. A seeker of spiritual love.
19. For Augustine, happiness was found in _____.
A. the service to God B. fundamentalism
C. secular pleasure D. fighting the Epicurists
20. From the passage, we can conclude that in Western history there was a conflict
between _____.
A. Greece and Rome
B. Epicurus and Augustine
C. Secular and Christian conceptions of happiness
D. Secular and Christian conceptions of God
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
What a UK exit from EU could mean?
Perhaps UK Prime Minister David Cameron believed back in 2013, when he
promised a referendum on whether Britain would stay in the EU, that Euroskeptics
couldn’t possibly win. But much has changed since, and though a majority of those
voting in the June 23 referendum are likely to want to keep Britain in the union, the risk
is real that a surge of fear over migrants or a terrorist attack, could tip the scales toward
an ―out‖ vote. And that would have major implications for Britain, Europe and the
world.
A vote to leave would force the British government to renegotiate trade and
investment relationships with other EU members. Over time, Britain might secure access
to EU markets for its goods on fairly favorable terms, but European leaders would make
the process as arduous and painful as possible to discourage other EU states from
threatening exit to win concessions. Two years of negotiations - at least - would generate
enough uncertainty to create serious problems for Britain’s growth and investment
outlook.
It would prove much more difficult to win access to European services markets. In
the financial sector, EU leaders aren’t likely to accept a continuing role for London as
the major financial center in Europe, particularly for euro-zone financial products.
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Brexit might carry a heavy political cost as well, because it could give Scottish
nationalists the argument and energy they need not only to hold another vote on Scottish
independence from the UK but to win this time.
Brexit would also damage Europe, especially at first. In time, it’s possible that a UK
exit would make it easier for EU leaders to move forward with treaty changes,
traditionally resisted by the British, that would allow for closer union, possibly even of
fiscal policy. In the meantime, however, losing Britain would hurt. The UK is the second
biggest contributor to the EU’s budget, after Germany. Losing the UK could could cost
the EU 15% of its GDP.
More worrisome, Britain is not the only EU member ambivalent about staying
within the union. The Brexit precedent could pose a major threat to Europe’s open
borders, the euro zone, even the entire European project. It would surely weaken efforts
to strengthen damaged European-US ties and undermine efforts to complete a historic
transatlantic trade and investment agreement.
In the end, a majority of British voters will probably choose to stay in the EU. But
this is no sure thing. London Mayor Boris Johnson announced on Feb. 21 that he will
support a vote for Brexit, and though his calculation is surely driven more by a bid to
win Conservative Party support to become Prime Minister than by any genuine
conviction, he’s playing with fire. When it comes to Brexit, no one can be confident of
the outcome.
21. Which one is false according to paragraph one?
A. Cameron thought Britain would stay in EU when he promised a referendum.
B. A majority of the British would vote against staying in EU.
C. Current migrants and terrorist attack may cause more to vote opting out.
D. The referendum is a milestone for both Europe and the whole world.
22. What may not happen if Britain exits from EU according to paragraph two and
paragraph three?
A. There will be a new trade relationship between Britain and other EU members.
B. The British government will surely get favorable terms in the negotiation.
C. Scottish nationalists will use this to make Scotland independent from Britain.
D. London will no longer be the major financial center in Europe.
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2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 12 页）
23. What is the biggest influence that UK exit may bring?
A. EU leaders can move forward with treaty changes without UK’s intervention.
B. There will be a more close relationship between EU leaders.
C. EU’s economy will be impacted without UK’s contribution.
D. The largest GDP contributor will be lost with UK’s exit.
24. Which statement is not true according to paragraph five?
A. More than one member of the EU hesitate whether to exit.
B. Brexit is a compound word of Britain and exit.
C. Britain’s exit will affect the EU as a whole.
D. EU is facing a prosperous future in its relationship with US.
25. According to the passage, why no one can be confident of the outcome of Brexit?
A. No polls can show the exact number of voters.
B. Britain is ambivalent about whether to exit or not internally.
C. London Mayor Boris Johnson supports a vote to exit.
D. The EU leaders won’t allow Brexit for its economy.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Clear thinking needed
In some ways, the climate talks that begin in Paris on November 30th
will show
world leaders at their best. Taking a break from pressing issues such as terrorist threats
and stuttering economies, they will try to avert a crisis that will pose its gravest risks
long after they have left office. It is the opposite of the myopic thinking that is often said
to afflict politics. A pity, then, that politicians have set themselves an impossible task,
and that they are mostly going about it in the wrong way.
That climate change is happening, that it is very largely man-made and that it is
exceedingly dangerous, are all now hard to deny. This year will all but certainly be the
hottest since 1880, when NASA’s records begin. If so, 2015 will break a record that was
set only in 2014. Every single year so far this decade has been hotter than every single
year before 1998.
The presidents and prime ministers who gather in Paris will insist that global
warming must be halted before the world becomes 2o
C (3.6o
F) hotter than it was in
pre-industrial days. That is what they have said for years but, considering the
momentum behind climate change, this target is as unrealistic as it is arbitrary. If annual
greenhouse-gas emissions remain at the present level, enough pollution will enter the
atmosphere in just 30 years eventually to warm the world by two degrees.
Greens say that the target is a rallying point - that it is useful because it inspires
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action, and action, once under way, will inspire yet more action in a virtuous circle. If
only world leaders would stiffen their spines and promise even more green energy, they
argue, disaster could be averted. But this drastically understates the challenge. The parts
of the planet that have become rich have done so by tapping a vast store of fossil energy
with feckless, if understandable, abandon. For the rest of the world to join them over the
century ahead, and then for all concerned - as well as the planet’s non-human inhabitants
- to flourish in the centuries that follow, will take a lot more than just a big expansion of
existing renewable technologies.
The world and its leaders need more ambition and more realism. The ambition
requires increasing the options available. Generous subsidies perpetuate today’s
low-carbon technologies; the goal should be to usher in tomorrow’s. Unfortunately,
energy companies (unlike, say, drug firms or car companies) see investment in radical
new technologies as poor prospect, and governments have been feeble in taking up the
slack. A broad commitment quickly to raise and diversify R&D spending on energy
technologies would be more welcome than more or less anything else Paris could offer.
In short, the climate is changing because of extraordinary inventions like the steam
turbine and the internal combustion engine. The best way to cope is to keep inventing.
26. Which of the following statements about the current situation of climate is FALSE?
A. 2015 will be the hottest year since 1880.
B. Every single year in these twenty years has been hotter than every single year
before 1998.
C. The world will be warmed soon if greenhouse-gas emissions remain at the
present level.
D. Human factors have a strong influence on climate change.
27. According to the essay, climate changes so fast because of some reasons except
_____.
A. tapping a vast store of fossil energy for money
B. poor investment in low-carbon technologies
C. lack of government management
D. normal level greenhouse-gas emissions
28. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The world will be hotter and hotter if greenhouse-gas emissions remain at the
present level.
B. Politicians think they could achieve the goal about facing climate change.
C. World leaders promise more green energy definitely.
D. Governments have been supported in taking up the slack.
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 14 页）
29. The article was written to explain _____.
A. the greenhouse effect
B. the harm of greenhouse-gas emissions
C. the development of low-carbon technologies
D. the thinking to face climate change
30. What is the last paragraph for?
A. To tell us that inventions are necessary in our life.
B. To tell us that inventing new machines could solve climate change problems.
C. To tell us that continuous creation and innovation could solve climate change
problems.
D. To tell us that we should learn technology about the steam turbine and the
internal combustion engine.
III. Paraphrase. （每小题 4 分，共 20 分）
Directions: Rephrase the underlined sentences in the following passage.
The Meaning of the 21st Century
At the start of the 21st century, (1) humankind finds itself on a non-sustainable
course -- the course that, unless it is changed, could lead to grand scale catastrophes. At
the same time, we are unlocking formidable new capabilities that lead to more exciting
lives and glorious civilizations. This could be either humanity’s last century or the
century that sets the world on a course toward a spectacular future.
We live on a small, beautiful and a totally isolated planet, but its population is
becoming too large; enormous new consumer societies are growing, of which China is
the largest; and (2) technology is becoming powerful enough to wreck the planet. We are
traveling at breakneck speed into an age of the extremes—extremes in wealth and
poverty, extremes in technology and the experiments that scientists want to perform,
extreme forces of globalism, weapons of mass destruction and terrorists acting in the
name of religion. If we are to survive, we have to learn how to manage this situation.
(3) Formidable problems confront us, but this is a book about solutions—many
solutions. With these solutions we will bring about the change in course, a great 21st
century transition. If we get it right, we have an extraordinary future. If we get it wrong,
we face an irreversible disruption that could set humanity back centuries. (4) A drastic
change is needed in the first half of that 21st century to set the stage for extraordinary
events in the rest of the century.
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2018 年 考试科目代码 723 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 15 页）
Humankind has been able to thrive for thousands of years because nature provided
it with resources like topsoil, underground water, fish in the oceans, minerals, oil and
wetlands, but these resources are finite, like cookies in a jar. (5) We are using up many
of these resources, and some don’t have substitutes.
IV. Writing (40 分)
Directions: Traveling seems an important part of modern life. It is argued that the best
way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. This has been an intensely discussed
question recently. The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Read
carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 300 words, in
which you should
 summarize the opinions from both sides, and then
 give your view on the issue.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization
and language quality.
YES NO
The convenience of group travel with
a tour guide include the fact that one
easily meets other people and thus has a
more enjoyable and comfortable travel
experience. This is particularly important
when traveling in a foreign country where
a language barrier prevents interaction
with the locals and isolation can become
a problem. The tour guide is often
experienced in generating a jovial
atmosphere within the group, and his/her
knowledge of the foreign culture and
places of interest provide travelers with a
greater appreciation of their trip. Also,
and maybe most importantly, when
traveling with a guide the individual
traveler normally does not have to worry
about hotel reservations and
transportation. Those aspects are taken
care of.
Convenience might not be important
to a traveler, and traveling alone allows
far more personal freedoms. For example,
one can easily make changes to the travel
itinerary. The traveler can choose to stay
in certain places or move on more
quickly than otherwise possible, because
he does not follow a set schedule.
Learning about culture and places of
interest is also easy as that information is
readily available in books. Furthermore,
travelers tend to congregate, and it is very
easy to meet fellow vacationers who
might have insightful tips as far as where
to go and what to do. Generally, basic
command of the English language
suffices to have such information
exchanges with other travelers and locals,
who are often eager to share their
customs and culture.