2021年暨南大学招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）
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学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业
研 究 方 向：   英语笔译
考试科目名称：  翻译硕士英语                       考试科目代码：211

考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary  Grammar (30%) 
Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four wo rds o r phrases marked A, B, C a n d D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1. This problem should be discussed first, fo r it takes ________ over all the other issues.
   A. precedence             B. prosperity          C. presumption                D. probability

2. When you prepare fo r your speech, be sure to cite ________ qualified sources of info rmation a n d examples.
   A.   manipulated               B.  unbiased                C. disto rted         D. conveyed

3. Turning cultivated la n d back into fo rests o r pasture is a fundamental way to stem soil ________ a n d desertification in the long run.
   A. erosion              B. depletion                    C. violation                  D. delusion

4. In that country, a person who marries befo re legal age must have a parent’s ________ to obtain a license.
   A. sanction               B. warrant                  C. malignance                D. affirmation

5. The discrepancy in the company accounts is so ________ that no audito r could have failed to notice it.
   A. spontaneous        B. conspicuous        C. noto rious          D. superfluous

6. Furthermo re, if I were to leave him, he would ________, fo r he cannot endure to be separated from me fo r mo re than one hour.
   A. prevail            B. preside           C. perish          D. persecute

7. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity a n d loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers ________ great significance.        
   A. takes on                 B. wo rks out
   C. brings about              D. gives in
8. The book might well have ________ had it been less expensive.       
    A. wo rked out         B. gone through        C. caught on  D. fitted in

9. I’ll have to ________ this dress a bit befo re the wedding next week.    
A. let off            B. let go              C. let loose          D. let out

10. The integration of staff fo r training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, a n d higher staff ________.
   A. mo ral         B. mo rtal         C. mo rale         D. mo res

11. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the ________ between the computer a n d the human brain.
   A. profile        B. mighty         C. analogy         D. leakage

12. These natural resources will be ________ sooner o r later if the present rate of exploitation continues.
A. depleted      B. deployed        C. inclined         D. mingled

13. It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understa n d. A. that            B. as                  C. so              D. very

14. Human choice, not the intrinsic content of science, determines the outcome a n d scientists, as human beings, therefo re have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in ________.
   A. expiration      B. explanation      C. expertise        D. expenditure

15. Stocks are not goods – they merely are ________, exchanging current cash flows from future ones.
A. conducts      B. conduction  C. conduits  D. products

16. A product is to be regarded as being ________ when introduced into another country at less than its no rmal value. 
A. discharged     B. discarded      C. disposed      D. dumped

17. The government decided to take a ________ action to strengthen the market management.
A. diverse      B. durable       C. epidemic       D. drastic  

18. Inflation will reach its highest in a decade across most of Asia this year, threatening to ________ recent productivity gains.
A. reverse           B. reserve          C. retrieve          D. revise

19. The students seldom wash their own clothes; ________ they help their parents do some housewo rk.
A. rather than do            B. much less do 
C. much mo re do            D. much less

20. In linking geographically disparate people, the Internet is arguably helping millions of spontaneous communities to bloom: communities defined by common interests rather than by the accident of ________.
A. affluence      B. reciprocity     C. contempo rariness      D. proximity

21. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious a n d it is doubtful if he will ________.
A. pull back       B. pull through        C. pull up         D. pull out

22. Probably no man had mo re effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States ________ Henry Fo rd, a pioneer in automobile production.
A. as was      B. than was         C. than did     D. as did

23. A ________ negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.
A. perpetual     B. pernicious     C. preventive      D. pervasive

24. ________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in colo r from pale green to black, a n d contain sugar in varying quantities.
A. Their botanical classification as berries          
B. Although their botanical classification as berries  
C. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries

25.  Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style ________ over another befo re being replaced.
A. dominates          B. manipulates      C. overwhelms      D. prevails

26. Some of the paintings fo rmerly ________ the Italian Renaissance artist are now thought to have been created by one of his students.
A. submitted to        B. adapted from      C. denied by    D. attributed to

27. It is absolutely essential that William ________ his study in spite of some learning difficulties. 
A. will continue        B. continued     C. continue       D. continues

28. People who suffer from ________, fo r example, tend to have difficulties gauging facial cues, so their attention is less influenced by where somebody is looking.
A. autism        B. assertiveness        C. extroversion       D. sociability

29. We’re starting to realize that magicians have a lot of implicit knowledge about how we perceive the wo rld around us because they have to deceive us in terms of controlling attention, exploiting the ________ we make when we do a n d don’t notice a change in our environment.
A. imaginations       B. conceptions      C. perceptions     D. assumptions

30. The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action a n d Dr. Reid’s ________ about health problems.
A. allegiance       B. alliance    C. allegations     D. alliteration

II. Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are four passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 sho rt-answer questions. Read the passages a n d write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Section A  Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)

Passage 1
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Three hundred years ago news travelled by wo rd of mouth o r 1etter, a n d circulated in taverns a n d coffee houses in the fo rm of pamphlets a n d newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy fo r a free conversation, a n d fo r reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news,” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New Yo rk Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio a n d television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.
Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news mo re participato ry, social a n d diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era befo re the mass media. That will have profound effects on society a n d politics. In much of the wo rld, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 a n d 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.
Over the past decade, throughout the western wo rld, people have been giving up newspapers a n d TV news a n d keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, o rdinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing a n d distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere repo rt what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousa n ds online. Mobile phone footage of Arab uprisings a n d American to rnadoes is posted on social-netwo rking sites a n d shown on television newscasts. Social-netwo rking sites help people find, discuss a n d share news with their friends.
a n d it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook a n d Twitter have become impo rtant conduits of news. Celebrities a n d wo rld leaders publish updates directly via social netwo rks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers o r watch television channels from around the wo rld. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very sho rt space of time. a n d it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way fo r whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons a n d state outlets.
In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A mo re participato ry a n d social news environment, with a remarkable diversity a n d range of news sources, is a good thing. The transfo rmation of the news business is unstoppable, a n d attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts a n d transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes a n d dema n ding in their sta n dards. a n d although this transfo rmation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative a n d stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.
31. Acco rding to the passage, what initiated the transfo rmation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?
A. The appearance of big mass media firms.
B. The emergence of advertising in newspapers.
C. The popularity of radio a n d television.
D. The increasing number of newspaper readers.

32. Which of the following statements best suppo rts “Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?
A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6％between 2005 a n d 2009.
B. People in the Western wo rld are giving up newspapers a n d TV news.
C. Classified documents are published in their thousa n ds online.
D. Mo re people are involved in finding, discussing a n d distributing news.

33. Acco rding to the passage, which is NOT a role played by info rmation technology?
A. Challenging the traditional media.
B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.
C. Providing people with access to classified files.
D. Giving o rdinary people the chance to provide news.

34. In “The coffee house is back”, coffee house best symbolizes ________.
A. the changing characteristics of news audience
B. the mo re diversified means of news distribution
C. the participato ry nature of news
D. the mo re varied sources of news

35. The autho r’s tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is ________.
A. optimistic a n d cautious   B. suppo rtive a n d skeptical
C. doubtful a n d reserved    D. ambiguous a n d cautious
Passage 2
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing a n d central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs a n d official public documents are written in both Welsh a n d English, a n d schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by mo re than a half-million of the country’s three million people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to resto re the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people a n d wealth, Engla n d has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club – Scotla n d, No rthern Irela n d, a n d Wales – a bigger say a n d to counter centrifugal fo rces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm fo r devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly fo r a parliament, the vote fo r a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were propo rtionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster o r the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have mo re powers. Its impo rtance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transfo rming Cardiff from a decaying seapo rt into a Baltimo re-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poo rest regions in Western Europe – only Spain, Po rtugal, a n d Greece have a lower sta n dard of living.
Newspapers a n d magazines are filled with sto ries about great Welsh men a n d women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas a n d Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, a n d Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. a n d Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “la n d of compatriots,” is the Welsh name fo r Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere – on T-shirts, rugby jerseys a n d even cell phone covers.
“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, a n d I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused facto ry in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh ba n ds.
“There was almost a genetic tendency fo r lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfo rtable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture a n d the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”

36. Acco rding to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to ________.
  A. maintain the present status among the nations
  B. reduce legislative powers of Engla n d
  C. create a better state of equality among the nations
  D. grant mo re say to all the nations in the union

37. The wo rd “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means ________.
   A. separatist    B. traditional       C. feudal      D. political

38. Wales is different from Scotla n d in all the following aspects EXCEPT ________.
  A. people’s desire fo r devolution
  B. powers of the legislative body
  C. status of the national language
D. locals’ turnout fo r the voting

39. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?
  A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.
  B. Poverty-relief funds have been allocated by the European Union.
  C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.
  D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.

40. Acco rding to Dyfan Jones, what has changed is ________.
  A. people’s mentality     B. pop culture
  C. town’s appearance     D. possibilities fo r the people

  
Passage 3
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on o r around a person during an arrest.
Califo rnia has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that autho rities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, fo r judges to assess the implications of new a n d rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Califo rnia's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can a n d should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers a n d defendants.
They should start by discarding Califo rnia’s lame argument that explo ring the contents of a smartphone – a vast sto rehouse of digital info rmation – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet o r pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But explo ring one’s smartphone is mo re like entering his o r her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading histo ry, financial histo ry, medical histo ry a n d comprehensive reco rds of recent co rrespondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that explo ration so much easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive info rmation on these devices is increasingly a requirement of no rmal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private a n d protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous fo r autho rities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, a n d they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased o r altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room fo r police to cite situations where they are entitled to mo re freedom.
But the justices should not swallow Califo rnia’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes dema n ds novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. o rin Kerr, a law professo r, compares the explosion a n d accessibility of digital info rmation in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules fo r the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must so rt out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital info rmation now.

41. The Supreme Court will wo rk out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to ________.
　　A. search fo r suspects’ mobile phones without being autho rized
　　B. check suspects’ phone contents without being autho rized
　　C. prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
　　D. prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones

42. The autho r’s attitude toward Califo rnia’s argument is one of ________.
　　A. disapproval
　　B. neutrality
　　C. tolerance
　　D. cautiousness
43. The autho r believes that explo ring one’s phone contents is comparable to ________.
　　A. getting into one’s residence
　　B. ha n ding one’s histo rical reco rds
　　C. scanning one’s co rrespondences
　　D. going through one’s wallet

44. In Paragraphs 5 a n d 6, the autho r shows his concern that ________.
　　A. principles are hard to be clearly expressed
　　B. the court is giving police less room fo r action
　　C. phones are used to sto re sensitive info rmation
　　D. citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected

45.o rin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that ________.
　　A. the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
　　B. new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
　　C. Califo rnia’s argument violates principles of the Constitution
　　    D. Principles of the Constitution should never be altered

Passage 4
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
  
Many things make people think artists are weird a n d the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explo re emotions, a n d yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.
This wasn’t always so. The earliest fo rms of art, like painting a n d music, are those best suited fo r expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, mo re artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony o r, wo rst of all, bo ring as we went from Wo rdswo rth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became mo re skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster a n d the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the wo rld today.
After all, what is the one modern fo rm of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, a n d with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They wo rked until exhausted, lived with few protections a n d died young. In the West, befo re mass communication a n d literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded wo rshippers that their souls were in peril a n d that they would someday be meat fo r wo rms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, a n d fo rever happy. Fast-food eaters, news ancho rs, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities a n d happy families in perfect homes. a n d since these messages have an agenda – to lure us to open our wallets – they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” comma n ded the ads fo r the arthritis drug Celebrex, befo re we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.
What we fo rget – what our economy depends on is fo rgetting – is that happiness is mo re than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential fo r loss a n d disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mo ri: remember that you will die, that everything ends, a n d that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even mo re bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
46. By citing the example of poets Wo rdswo rth a n d Baudelaire, the autho r intends to show that ________.
　　A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting o r music
　　B. art grows out of both positive a n d negative feeling
　　C. poets today are less skeptical of happiness
　　D. artists have changed their focus of interest

47. The wo rd “bummer” (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.
　　A. religious         B. happy     C. entertaining       D. unpleasant

48. In the autho r’s opinion, advertising ________.
　　A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art
　　B. is a cause of disappointment fo r the general peer
　　C. replaces the church as a majo r source of info rmation
　　D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself

49. Which of the following is true of the text?
　　A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
　　B. Art provides a balance between expectation a n d reality.
　　C. People feel disappointed at the realities of mo rality.
　　D. mass media tend to cover disasters a n d deaths.

50. We can learn from the last paragraph that the autho r believes ________.
　　A. happiness mo re often than not ends in sadness
　　B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing
　　C. misery should be enjoyed rather than denied
　　D. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms

Section B Sho rt-Answer Questions (10%)

Passage 5
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
From 2007 to 2010, American households lost $l1 trillion in real estate, savings, a n d stocks. Mo re than half of all U.S. wo rkers either lost their jobs o r were fo rced to take cuts in hours o r pay during the recession. The wo rst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives – how they live, wo rk a n d spend – even the way they think about the future.
Fo r Cindy, the recession began when her husba n d was relocated to Rhinela n der, Wisconsin by his company fo rcing the family to move in a hurry. The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake, Minnesota. With two mo rtgages a n d two young children to care fo r, Cindy couldn’t imagine how to stretch her husba n d’s paycheck to keep her family fed.
Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical, a fo rum fo r gardeners, many with an interest in sustainability. “The mo re I read a n d discussed these practices, the mo re I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health,” she says.
Cindy admits that befo re the recession, she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner. “I grew flowers mostly – I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting.” But to stretch her budget, she began putting in vegetables a n d fruit – everything from strawberry beds to apple trees – a n d as her first seedlings grew, her spirits lifted. She no longer thinks of gardening a n d making her own jams as just a money saver; they’re a genuine pleasure. “It’s brought us closer together as a family, too,” she says. Her kids voluntarily pitch in with the garden wo rk, a n d the family cooks together instead of eating out. The food tastes better – it’s fresher a n d o rganic – a n d the garden ha n dily fulfills its o riginal purpose: cost cutting. Now she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries, less than half of the $650 a month that she used to lay out.
After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily discouraged. “It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,” she says. “I feel accomplished, a n d I’m mo re confident about attempting things I’ve never done befo re.” Now she avoids convenience sto res a n d has begun learning to knit, quilt a n d make her own soap. “I don’t think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t fo r the recession,” she says. “I have a feeling that from now on, it will affect my family’s health a n d happiness fo r the better.”

51. What can you learn about the impact of the recession from the first paragraph?
52. What made the family’s financial situation even wo rse?
53. What did Cindy grow in her garden?
54. Why does Cindy view gardening as a genuine pleasure?
55. What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through?

III. Writing (30%)
Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 wo rds within 60 minutes related to the following topic. Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.

Acto rs from the Shanghai Kun Opera Troupe perfo rm The o rphan of Zhao, at the 1st Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Chinese Opera Culture Festival, on Nov 5, 2020. The festival was unveiled on Thursday in the Macao special administrative region. Peking opera, Kun opera, Yu opera a n d Cantonese opera are all featured at the event, collectively displaying the essence a n d charm of Chinese theater.

How should traditional Chinese culture go global? Please develop your point of view into an essay of about 400-500 wo rds.