美国人写的顶尖作文教材

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The Elements of Style 英语写作：风格的要素
William Strunk, Jr.
Content
Bibliographic Record................................................................................................... 2
Frontmatter................................................................................................................... 2
I INTRODUCTORY ..................................................................................................... 3
II ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE ..................................................................... 4
1. Form the possessive singular of nouns with 's. ..................................................... 4
2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after
each term except the last.......................................................................................... 4
3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas. ............................................. 4
4. Place a comma before and or but introducing an independent clause................... 6
5. Do not join independent clauses by a comma....................................................... 7
6. Do not break sentences in two.............................................................................. 8
7 A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical
subject...................................................................................................................... 8
8 Divide words at line-ends, in accordance with their formation and pronunciation. .. 9
III ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION ........................................... 9
9 Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic............. 9
10 As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the
beginning. ...............................................................................................................11
11 Use the active voice........................................................................................... 13
12 Put statements in positive form.......................................................................... 14
13 Omit needless words......................................................................................... 15
14 Avoid a succession of loose sentences.............................................................. 17
15 Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form........................................................... 17
16 Keep related words together.............................................................................. 19
17 In summaries, keep to one tense....................................................................... 20
18 Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end. .......................................... 21
IV. A FEW MATTERS OF FORM ............................................................................ 22
V. WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS COMMONLY MISUSED............................... 24
VI. WORDS OFTEN MISSPELLED ....................................................................... 31
Asserting that one must first know the rules to break them, this classic reference book is a
must-have for any student and conscientious writer. Intended for use in which the practice of
composition is combined with the study of literature, it gives in brief space the principal
requirements of plain English style and concentrates attention on the rules of usage and
principles of composition most commonly violated.
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