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Part One. Translation(80A/150):
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1. Translatethe Following English into Chinese(20 tl)l
In his introduction,JohnHookhamFrerehadalreadysketchedthetwo mutuallyincompatible
strategiesavailableto translatorsgrappingwith theseproblems.The first archetypeis that of the
"faithful translator"who rendersinto English all the conversationalphrasesaccordingto their
grammaticaland logical form, without any referenceto the currentusagewhich had affixed to
them an arbitrary senseand appropriatedthem to a particularand definite purpose.He retains
scrupulouslyall the local andpersonalpeculiarities,andin the mostrapid andtransientallusions
thinks it his du! to arrest the attention of the readerwith a tedious explanatorynote. The
archetypaltranslatorjust describedtendsto beconservativein ideologicalterms.He translatesthe
way he doesout of reverencefor the culturalprestigethe original hasacquired.The greaterthat
prestige,themore"grammaticalandlogical" thetranslationis likely to be.
2.Translatethe Followinginto English(20/)):
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3. Translatethe FollowingBusinessEnglishinto Chinese(20h):
The compositionof foreign exchangereservesis presentlyregardedas a statesecretin the
People'sRepublicof China.All financialrecordspertainingto the foreignexchangereservehave
beenpoorly documented.The official sourceselaboratethat US dollar holdingsmakeup 60% of
the reserve,and that a fifth of the reserveis held in FannieMae and FreddieMac bonds.The
reportsfrom the Bank for IntemationalSettlements,releasedby Reuters,reportedthat the US
currency representsmost of the settlementsof China's international trade. An unofficial
spokespersonconsideredthattheUS dollar assetaccountsrepresent70o/oofthe reserve.
Therearesomehistoricalandintemationalfinancereasonslying behindthis composition:
Firstly, the bond issuer'seconomyshouid be domesticprimarily. Even though US transaction
makeup a largeproportionin internationaltrade,comparedwith its hugedomesticGDR it is still
a smallpart of the global trade.Measuredwith othercountries,US tradeis not ashigh asthat of
Japan,Germanyand Switzerlandrespectively.Thoselattercountriesrely heavily on international
trade,thus their currencyvalue easilyfluctuatesin grossproportionalongwith the intemational
flow of capital.
Secondly,historicallythe US Dollar hasbeenusedasmeansof payment,an intermediaryof
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