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Part I Reading Comprehension (2*25=50 points)
Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C
and D. Decide on the best choice.
Passage 1
Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they
remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on
them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being
over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main
conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author——Cardiac Cullingford
confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little
point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite
programs after 9 p.m. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.
Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little
effect. Children don’t pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details.
They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the
elements of a particular plot. “Recall was in reverse proportion to the amount they had
watched”. It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and
response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious
messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children
like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in
their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly
against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them.
On the other hand, they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire
the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, not because of
their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. They are perfectly clear about the
functions of advertisements; by the age of 12, only one in 10 children believes what even
favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably
least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.
1. The study of children and television shows that_______.
A. it is useless for television companies to delay adult viewing to the later hours.
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