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天津商业大学 2016 年研究生入学考试试题
专 业：外国语言学及应用语言学
课程名称：语言学及翻译（804） 共 3 页 第 1 页
说明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效。
Part A
Linguistics (100 points)
I. Studying linguistics, we have come across a lot of technical terms, some of which are listed
below. Please write out the most acceptable definitions for each of them. (10 points)
a) linguistics; b) language; c) morphology: d) duality; e) cultural transmission:
f) phoneme; g) syntax; h) synonyms; i) pragmatics; j) speech community
II. Studying linguistics we have been acquainted with many linguists, five of whom are
listed below. Write out a phrase that may best represent their contributions to linguistics.
（10 points）
a) Ferdinand de Saussure; b) Noam Chomsky; c) M. A. K. Halliday
d) H. P. Grice; e) Leonard Bloomfield
III. Linguistics as a specified discipline has its own technical ways of operation. Try to fill
the blanks to demonstrate your technical sense of linguistics. (15 points)
1. Please give the corresponding sound segments according to the descriptions:
voiced bilabial stop: a)________; alveolar nasal: b)_________
Voiceless labiodental fricative: c)__________
2. A morpheme which can be a word by itself is called a d)____________ morpheme, whereas a
morpheme that must be attached to another one is a e)_________ morpheme. The plural -s
in “books”, for example, is a f)__________ morpheme.
3. Words that are opposite in meaning are antonyms. Oppositeness can be found on different
dimensions and different kinds of antonyms have been recognized by linguists. For example,
“hot” and “cold” are recognized as g)___________ antonyms, “male” and “female” as
h)______________ antonyms and teacher and pupil as i)____________ opposites.
4. There are 4 maxims in Cooperative Principle, namely, the maxim of quantity, the maxim of
j)__________, the maxim of k)_________, and the maxim of l)__________.
5. What function does language perform? Three main functions are often recognized: the
m)______________ function, the n)_________________function and the o) ____________
function.
III. To be a student of linguistics, it is important to develop a sense of critical thinking.
Please answer the following questions to demonstrate your critical potentials. (35
points)
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