2017 考博英语 阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（八十三）

考博英语阅读大部分博士研究生招生院校都使用《经济学人》杂志文章作为题源，考博信息网|http://www.kaoboinfo.com教育考博频道为考博生们将其中的文章进行深度分析，希望能提高大家的考博英语阅读水平，读懂长难句。

导读

心理疾病，是一种病，是指一个人由于精神上的紧张，干扰，而使自己思维上、情感上和行为上，发生了偏离社会生活规范轨道的现象。心理和行为上偏离社会生活规范程度越厉害，心理疾病也就愈严重。长期过度紧张可能会导致一系列的心理疾病。长期处于这种状态可能使人产生精神病变。心理疾病是很普遍的，只不过存在着程度区别而已，而且现代文明的发展使人类愈发脱离其自然属性，污染、生活快节奏、紧张、信息量空前巨大、社会关系复杂、作息方式变化、消费取向差异、在公平的理念下不公平的事实拉大、溺爱等，都使心理疾病逐渐增多并恶化。心理疾病种类很多，表现各异，而且有可能出现更多的以前都没有注意到，或已经合理化(不认为是心理疾病)。随着时代变化新发现的心理疾病也不少。

Britain’s mental health check-up

英国心理健康审查

Mental illness is at last getting the attention, if not the money, it needs

心理疾病至少争取到了它所该有的关注，就算不是财政援助

The prime minister makes a big speech but signs a small cheque

英国首相发表了重大讲话然而签了很小金额的支票

Jan 14th 2017

2017年1月14日

MENTAL health care has long been the poor relation of its physical counterpart. The stigma of mental illness remains heavy. One in six adults in England has been diagnosed with a common mental disorder such as depression or anxiety. Yet at least two-thirds of people diagnosed receive no treatment for their condition. In 2012 the Health and Social Care Act created a legal responsibility for the government to give the same priority to mental health as it gives to physical health. Now the prime minister, Theresa May, has added her voice.

心理健康医疗一直以来都和其相对应的生理健康医疗相比之下处于劣势。人们严重保持对心理疾病的羞耻态度。在英国，每六个成人里面就有一个已经被诊断出患有常见的心理疾病如抑郁症或焦虑症。然而至少三分之二确诊的人没有针对自己的问题接受治疗。在2012年，《健康和社会照顾法》规定了一个法律义务，那就是政府应当把心理健康和生理健康视为同样重要的事情。现在首相特蕾莎·梅对此发表了讲话。

stigma ['stɪgmə]：n.耻辱，污名，烙印，特征

mental disorder [dɪs'ɔːdə]：心理疾病

In a speech on January 9th Mrs May warned that mental health had been “dangerously disregarded”. She promised to transform attitudes to mental illness, including a special focus on children and young people. (Government figures show that three-quarters of mental-health problems start before the age of 18.) This will include teachers in every school being offered mental health first-aid training, and better support in the workplace.

在一月九号的一次演讲上，梅女士强调心理健康一直以来极其地不被重视。她承诺会转变对待心理疾病的态度，包括对儿童和年轻人的特别关注。(政府的调查数据显示四分之三的心理健康问题在18岁以前就开始了。)这种转变包括每所学校的老师接受心理健康问题的急救训练以及在工作岗位上得到更好的支持。

disregarded [dɪsrɪ'gɑːdɪd] :adj.无视

According to the Centre for Mental Health, a think-tank, the consequences of mental illness cost the British economy more than £100bn ($120bn) a year in health care and lost economic output from sickness or unemployment. But the system is structured badly, with physical and mental care run and funded separately. This means treatment is not integrated and money wasted.

据心理健康中心的一个智囊团分析，心理疾病产生的后果就是给英国的经济带来每年超过1000亿欧元(相当于1200亿美元)的损失，那就是在心理保健以及因为疾病或失业导致的经济损失方面。但是，整个系统的结构设置极其地不合理——生理和心理保健分开运营以及资助。这意味着治疗不完整还会导致资金浪费。

Integrated ['ɪntɪgreɪtɪd] :adj.综合的，完整的

Funding is a problem, too. Though mental illness represents 28% of the national disease burden in Britain, it accounts for only 13% of spending by the National Health Service (NHS). In 2011-12, for the first time in a decade, funding for mental health fell, says the King’s Fund, another think-tank. Even though the NHS mandated that such funding should increase in 2015-16 alongside increases for acute care, about 40% of mental-health trusts continue to experience year-on-year cuts to their budgets. Since government money for mental illness is not ring-fenced, it is often used to plug gaps in funding for emergency hospital care or other areas. Mrs May spoke of the need for better accountability. But “investment in mental health has been difficult to maintain when pressures on acute hospital care are so great,” says Helen Gilburt of the King’s Fund.

资金也是一个问题。虽然心理疾病占了英国国家疾病负担的28%，它只占了国家健康服务支出(简称NHS)的13%。在2011年到2012年间，十年里面首次，国家给心理健康的资金投入降低了，另外一个智囊团———国王资金说到。即使NHS批准了心理健康资金投入在2015年到2016年和急诊的治疗资金一样应该提升，但还是有将近40%的心理疾病基金持续经历每年预算的裁剪。由于政府财政对心理疾病的支出存在漏洞，这部分资金在过去就常常用来填补医院急诊或其他领域的空缺。梅女士提到了对更多支出比例的需要。但是国王资金会的海伦吉尔伯特说到，当医院急诊的压力巨大时国家对心理健康医疗的投资一直以来都很难保持。