2017 考博英语 阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（七十四）
考博英语阅读大部分博士研究生招生院校都使用《经济学人》杂志文章作为题源，考博信息网|http://www.kaoboinfo.com教育考博频道为考博生们将其中的文章进行深度分析，希望能提高大家的考博英语阅读水平，读懂长难句。
Britain and the European Union英国和欧盟
So what will Brexit really mean所以英国退欧意味着什么
Theresa May’s ministers are carefully avoiding specific answers. But she is systematically disowning many of the Brexiteers’ promises
特蕾莎 梅手下的各个部长都对这个问题含糊其辞。但特蕾莎正一步步摧毁退欧人士的脱欧承诺。
SOME 77 days have passed since Britain voted on June 23rd to leave the European Union. Yet this period has been strangely reminiscent of 77 years ago, after Neville Chamberlain declared war on Nazi Germany: a phoney war. Theresa May, the prime minister, has created a new Department for Exiting the EU and put three leading Brexiteers (pictured) in charge of the process. But little else has happened. Article 50 of the EU treaty, which would kick off negotiations, has not been invoked. And Mrs May’s mantra, “Brexit means Brexit”, has become a tired cliché. 大约77天前，即6月23日，英国举行脱欧公投。而让人匪夷所思的是，公投的这段时间不禁让人想起77年前之事，那时内维尔.张伯伦已经向德国纳粹宣战——是一个假战。英国首相特蕾莎.梅新设立了脱欧专项部门，并请三位脱欧派领导人物(如图)接手此事。但除此之外，几乎再无其他动作。英国还未启动欧盟条约第50条条款——脱欧程序事关此项条约。特蕾莎的口头禅——退欧即退欧——已经是老生常谈。
David Davis, secretary of state for the new department, had another go in Parliament on September 5th. Brexit, he explained helpfully, meant leaving the EU. He added that this implied taking back control of borders, laws and taxpayers’ money. He brimmed with cheer about the opportunities it would bring. Yet when asked specific questions—Would Britain quit the EU’s single market What migration controls would it seek Would it stay in Europol When would negotiations start—he gave only vague answers.9月5日，英国退欧部门国务卿戴维.达维斯再次现身议院。他充分解释道，退欧即离开欧盟。他表示，退欧意味着我们将重拾边境、法律、税金方面的控制权。他兴奋地说退欧将带来很多机会。而当他被问及以下一系列具体问题——英国会退出欧盟的单一市场吗英国会采取怎样的移民限制是否会留在欧洲刑警组织何时触发脱欧程序——他却闪烁其词。
That may be quite sensible, for a reason he also offered: that it is more important to get Brexit right than to do it quickly. His department is a work in progress. He has 180 officials and a further 120 in Brussels, but he needs more. As he spoke, he was flanked by his two Brexiteer colleagues, Boris Johnson as foreign secretary and Liam Fox at the Department for International Trade. The three men have been having the usual turf wars and squabbles over exactly what Brexit should entail.这种做法十分可疑，因为戴维自己也提到过一点：确定退欧比启动程序要重要。他所在的部门还是个半成品。他底下有180名官员，布鲁塞尔还有120个，但他还想要更多人。他表示，他左右分别还有自己的脱欧派同事——外长秘书鲍里斯.约翰逊和国际贸易部的里阿姆.法克斯。三人一直就退欧涉及之事争论不休。
Tellingly, two hints at answers emerged this week in Asia, not Westminster. In China for the G20 summit, Mrs May disavowed several pledges made by Brexiteers before the referendum. She said she was against an Australian-style “points” system for EU migrants (though mainly because it might let in too many, not too few). She refused to back Leavers’ promises to transfer saved EU budget payments to the National Health Service or scrapVAT on fuel bills. The not-so-subtle message was that, though the three Brexiteers may be nominally in charge, the real decisions will be taken by her and by Philip Hammond, herchancellor, both of them Remainers.引人关注的是，这周，并非威斯敏斯特，而是亚洲方面有了关于答案的线索。在中国的G20峰会上，特蕾莎.梅否定了公投前脱欧人士的一些请求。她透露她反对效仿澳大利亚对欧盟移民所采取的“积分制度”(虽然主要是因为这种制度可能会带来过多移民)。她不支持此前退欧派所给出的承诺：将原先应支付给欧盟预算中的资金转移到公共医疗卫生服务，或是把增值税放到燃料费当中。从中我们可以获取一些不怎么含蓄的信息：那三位脱欧派人士虽然名义上掌控着部门，但是特蕾莎还有其财政大臣菲利普.哈蒙德才是决策制定者。这两位都是留欧派。
Tellingly: 引人注目的，说明问题的Westminster: 西敏，位于英国首都伦敦中心区一区，威斯敏斯特宫、白金汉宫等都位于该区。在政治上，常指代英国国会。Points system: 积分制度，用于地方政府评估个人申请补贴住房的资格积分，包括考虑申请人在一个地区的居住期和家庭孩子数目因素等。VAT：增值税(英国)value-added taxChancellor: 财政大臣 A tip from Tokyo东京的小建议
These two may have welcomed a second Asian intervention: the unusual publication by Japan’s foreign ministry of a Brexit paper. Japanese companies, it said, were huge employers in Britain, which took almost half of Japan’s investment in the EU last year. Most of that came because Britain is a gateway to Europe. The paper advised Mrs May to try to retain full access to the single market, to avoid customs controls on exports, to preserve the “passport” that allows banks based in London to trade across Europe and to let employers freely hire EU nationals.这两位领导人或许迎来了第二个插手此事的国家：日本外交部就退欧一事发表文件，这很罕见。据该文件，日本公司是英国的大投资商，英国几乎占据了去年日本在欧盟投资项目中的半壁江山，因为英国是通往欧洲的大门。该文件建议特蕾莎.梅继续全方位融入欧盟的单一市场，从而避免出口海关管制，保证总部设在伦敦的银行可以继续在欧洲市场的贸易，让雇主可以继续雇佣欧盟国家公民。
National: 公民
These interventions worry Tory Brexiteers, who fret that having won a famous victory in June, they could lose the war. Their fear is that, given the choice, Mrs May and Mr Hammond will lean more to staying in the single market than to taking back full control of migration, money and laws. Mr Davis said this week that having access to the single market was not the same as being a member of it, and added that giving up border control to secure membership was an “improbable” outcome. But he was slapped down when Mrs May’s spokeswoman said the remark was only Mr Davis’s personal opinion. He also talked of retaining as much of the status quo as possible, not least in areas like security and foreign-policy co-operation.日本介入脱欧引起了托利党脱欧人士的担忧，他们担心会在这场战争中失利。他们在六月份赢得了一场大名鼎鼎的胜利。他们担心，在有选择的情况下，比起夺回在移民、资金、法律方面的控制权，特蕾莎.梅和哈蒙德更倾向于选择留在欧盟的单一市场。这周，戴维斯表示对单一市场开放并不代表是其成员国，还说英国不会为了保全其会员国身份就放弃边境控制权。但是特蕾莎.梅的发言人反驳戴维斯观点，称这只是一家之言。发言人还透露会尽量保持现状，尤其是在安全和外交合作政策方面。
Tory: 英国政治党派托利党，成立于1689年，辉格党的对立党，1832年后成为保守党。Fret: 担心Slap: 拍击，侮辱 slap down: 镇压，粗暴禁止
Not least: in particularThe case for staying in the single market is simple: economists say this will minimise the economic damage from Brexit. A “hard” Brexit that involves leaving the single market without comprehensive free-trade deals with the EU and third countries would mean a bigger drop in investment and output. Brexiteers claim that many countries want free-trade deals and the economy is proving more robust than Remainers forecast. Michael Gove, a leading Brexiteer and former justice secretary, scoffed that soi-disant experts predicting economic doom had “oeuf on their face”.留在单一市场一事很简单:经济学家说这会最小化脱欧带来的经济损失。这次“艰难”的退欧包括留下一个没有与欧盟有综合自由贸易协定的单一市场和第三世界国家将会有投资上的更大损失和输出。脱欧人士声称许多国家想要自由贸易协定并且经济变得比留欧派预测得更有活力。前司法部长Michael Gove，一个脱欧派领导人士，嘲笑预测经济灾难的自称专家的人没有看清事实。
scoff:嘲笑soi-disant:自称
Yet Mrs May is less complacent, acknowledging that it will not be “plain sailing” for the economy. Domestic business and financial lobbies are pressing to stay in the single market. As for trade deals, although she won warm words at the G20 summit from Australia’s prime minister, Malcolm Turnbull, she was told firmly by Barack Obama and others that bilateraldeals with Britain would not be a priority. The climate for free-trade deals is not propitiousthese days, and Mr Fox’s department is bereft of experienced trade negotiators.然而梅总理没有这么自满，承认经济不会“一帆风顺”，国内商业和财政说客们正要求留在单一市场。对贸易而言，尽管她在G20峰会上得到了澳大利亚总理Malcolm Turnbull的赞美，但是奥巴马和其他人告诉她和英国的双边贸易不会成为首先考虑的事情。这些天的气氛不适合谈自由贸易协定，Fox先生的部门失去了有经验的贸易谈判代表。
complacent:自满bilateral:双边的propitious:适合的
Mrs May has ruled out an early election and a second referendum. She refuses to provide a “running commentary” on her Brexit plans. And she insists she can invoke Article 50 without a parliamentary vote. Yet she is being urged by some to delay, since it would set a two-year deadline for Brexit that can be extended only by unanimity among EU leaders. In a thoughtful paper for the think-tank Open Europe, Andrew Tyrie, chairman of the Treasury committee, says the government should first decide what sort of Brexit it wants, adding that its leverage is greater before it pulls the trigger. He suggests waiting until the French election in the spring or even the German one in September.梅总理取消了一次早期的选举和第二次公投。她拒绝提供她脱欧计划的具体内容，她坚称她可以在没有议会投票下启动欧盟条约第50条条款。亲爱的读者朋友们可以将这句话的翻译或理解留言在我们留言区哟，第二天推送将会给出解析。英国智库开放欧罗巴洲的一份有深度的文章中指出，财政委员会主席Andrew Tyrie说政府需首先决定想要什么样的脱欧，并且脱欧的影响力会比决定前更大。他建议等到春季法国大选或至少等到九月德国大选再决定。
pull the trigger:下决定leverage:影响力
Yet Mrs May might not be allowed to wait by her own party, let alone by fellow EU leaders eager to get Brexit out of the way before the European elections in mid-2019. The phoney war may soon turn hotter.然而梅总理也许不会被她的党派允许守株待兔，更别提欧盟领导人渴望在2019年中期欧洲大选之前结束脱欧这事。这场假战很快会变得更加激烈。