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Cyber-security网络安全
The internet of stings互联网之刺
An electronic tsunami crashes down on a solitary journalist电子海啸让独立新闻工作者感到崩溃
Oct 8th 2016 | From the print edition2016年10月8日 | 摘自印刷版
TO A layman, the phrase “Internet of Things” (IoT) probably conjures up a half-fantastic future in which refrigerators monitor their own contents and send orders direct to thegrocer when the butter is running out, while tired commuters order baths to be drawn automatically using their smartphones as they approach their houses in their self-driving cars. Actually, though, a version of the IoT is already here. Wi-Fi hubs, smart televisions, digital video-recorders and the like are all part of a network of devices run by microprocessors that, just as much as desktop, laptop and tablet computers, form part of the internet—but with one crucial distinction. Unlike things immediately recognisable as computers, these devices are often designed with poor security, or even none at all. They are wide open to malicious hackers who might wish to misuse them. And there are already around 5 billion of them, according to Cisco, the world’s largest computer-networking company, with billions more to come in the years ahead.
对于一个门外汉来说,提起“物联网”这个词,可能会在脑海里勾勒出一幅半奇幻的未来世界:冰箱会自动检查存放的食物,并且会在黄油快要用完的时候会自动向杂货铺下单。下班了的人们拖着疲惫的身体,坐在自动驾驶的汽车中,就能够通过手中的智能手机控制家中的浴缸自动放水。然而事实上,物联网已经出现在我们的生活中了,只是功能有些不同而已。如通过微处理器运转的wifi集线器、智能电视、电子数字视频录像机。正如台式机、笔记本电脑和平板电脑是网络的一部分一样,它们是网络设备的一部分。只是它们之间有一个重要的区别:它们不像电脑那样,能立即识别事物。这些设备在设计的时候,安全性就很低,甚至毫无安全性可言。它们向心怀叵测,企图利用它们的黑客敞开了大门。据世界上最大的计算机网络公司——思科表示,目前这类产品的数量大约是50亿个,未来还会以十亿的速度增长。
Layman:n. 外行Refrigerator:n. 冰箱,冷藏库Grocer:n. 杂货店Hub:n. 中心tablet computer:平板电脑crucial:adj. 重要的
One favourite trick of such hackers is the distributed denial of service attack, or DDoS. Thistemporarily enslaves a number of internet-enabled devices into an arrangement known as a botnet, and then directs this net to send simultaneous requests for attention to a single machine or cluster of machines, thus overwhelming it and making it unusable. Such attacks may be carried out by organised criminals, to hold a firm to ransom; by cyber-savvy countries, as a tool of low-level warfare—or, as in the case of one of the latest attacks, for revenge.
这些黑客的惯用伎俩是分布式阻断服务攻击,即DDoS。它会临时在占用一些可以上网的设备,让它们成为任其摆布的网络僵尸。接着控制这些网址向同一台或某一个计算机集群,同时发送请求,从而压垮或使其瘫痪掉。有组织的罪犯可能会利用这类的攻击,胁迫受害公司交赎金;而在一些网络发达的国家,这是小规模战争的工具——又或者是一种报复手段,正如Mrebs这次的事件一样。
Temporarily:adv. 临时地Enslaves:vt. 征服Botnet:n. 僵尸网络Cluster:n. 群Ransom:n. 赎金;赎身,赎回Savvy:n. 悟性;理解能力;懂行(的人)Warfare: n. 战争
注:DDoS,分布式阻断服务供给,即很多DoS攻击源一起攻击某台服务器就组成了DDoS攻击,攻击借助于客户/服务器技术,将多个计算机联合起来作为攻击平台,对一个或者多个目标发动DoS攻击,从而成倍地提高拒绝服务攻击的能力。用通俗的话来讲,你家开了一家商店,你的竞争者们通过雇佣一堆路人去你家商店抢占服务,而真正的顾客被拦在门外,这就造成了一天下来人络绎不绝,但是却没有实质性购买订单的现象,长此以往,你家的商店最终都会被拖垮。