Business Management Passage 3 A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work. After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, “It’s a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?” “I don’t know,” replied Faraday, “but I do know that 100 years from now you’ll be taxing them.” From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps art taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4,000 years ago to the working of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms… to Hannibal’s remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 horsemen and a “conveyor belt” of 40 elephants…or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality. These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, divisions of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes; among them John Kay’s flying Shuttle in 1733. James Hargrove’s Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Compton’s Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom in 1785. 51. The anecdote about Michael Faraday indicates that ____________. A. politicians tax everything B. people are skeptical about the values of pure research C. government should support scientists D. he was rejected by his government 52. Management is defined as _____________. A. the creator of the Industrial Revolution B. supervising subordinates C. the art of getting things done D. an emerging profession 53. Management came into its own _____________. A. in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms B. in Hannibal’s famous trip across the Alps C. in the development of early Christian Church D. in the eighteenth century 54. A problem of management NOT mentioned in this passage is _____________. A. the problem of command B. division of labor C. control by authority D. competition (待续)