1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary
Part A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]
and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a
pencil. (5 points)
1. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion
about economic recovery ________ just around the corner was untrue.
[A] would be
[B] to be
[C] was
[D] being
2. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills ________ people each
year than automobile accidents.
[A] seven more times
[B] seven times more
[C] over seven times
[D] seven times
3. It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on
the vague changes ________ place in our ever-changing world.
[A] taking
[B] to take
[C] take
[D] taken
4. This is an exciting area of study, and one ________ which new applications are
being discovered almost daily.
[A] from
[B] by
[C] in
[D] through
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5. ________ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle
involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his
condition.
[A] As
[B] What
[C] That
[D] It
6. Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend
________ such short notice.
[A] to
[B] in
[C] with
[D] on
7. California has more light than it knows ________ to do with but everything else
is expensive.
[A] how
[B] what
[C] which
[D] where
8. The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small
children and get along ________ to spend most of their time together.
[A] so well
[B] too well
[C] well as
[D] well enough
9. Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about ________
compliments to his political leaders.
[A] paying
[B] having paid
[C] to pay
[D] to have paid
10. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of
digital information than ________ in traditional media.
[A] exist
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[B] exists
[C] existing
[D] to exist
Part B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and
[D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a
pencil. (5 points)
11. Your math instructor would have been [A] happy to give you a makeup
examination had you gone [B] and explained [C] that your parents had been [D]
ill at the time.
12. As the children become financially [A] independent of [B] the family, the
emphasis on [C] family financial security will shift from protection to save [D]
for the retirement years.
13. Were [A] the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no
doubt that it could [B] dramatically transform a family-ran [C] enterprise that
still gets 90% of its [D] revenues from newspapers.
14. Symposium talks will cover a wide range [A] of subjects from [B] over-fishing
to physical and environment [C] factors that affect the populations [D] of
different species.
15. Conversation calls for a [A] willingness to alternate the role of speaker with one
[B] of listener [C], and it calls for occasional ‘digestive pauses’ by [D] both.
16. If two theories are equal to [A] their ability to account for [B] a body of data,
the theory that does so [C] with the smaller number of assumptions is to be
preferred [D].
17. The Committee adopted a resolution requiring [A] the seven automakers selling
[B] the most cars in the state making [C] 2 percent of those vehicles
emissions-free [D] by 1998.
18. As long as [A] poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with [B]
richer people, who in general are lighter [C] skin [D], there’s going to be a
constant racial conflict in the world.
19. All those left undone [A] may sound greatly [B] in theory, but even the trust
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believer [C] has great difficulty when [D] it comes to specifics.
20. Even if [A] automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on [B]
alternative fuels [C], the cars won’t catch on in a big way when [D] drivers can
fill them up at the gas station.
Part C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]
and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a
pencil. (10 points)
21. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ________ further
research and further thinking about a particular topic.
[A] stimulate
[B] renovate
[C] arouse
[D] advocate
22. Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of
important practical ________.
[A] obligations
[B] regulations
[C] observations
[D] considerations
23. Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss ________ the
bread-winner’s death.
[A] at the cost of
[B] on the verge of
[C] as a result of
[D] for the sake of
24. In education there should be a good ________ among the branches of
knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.
[A] distribution
[B] balance
[C] combination
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[D] assignment
25. The American dream is most ________ during the periods of productivity and
wealth generated by American capitalism.
[A] plausible
[B] patriotic
[C] primitive
[D] partial
26. Poverty is not ________ in most cities although, perhaps because of the
crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.
[A] rare
[B] temporary
[C] prevalent
[D] segmental
27. People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in
________ populated areas.
[A] densely
[B] intensely
[C] abundantly
[D] highly
28. As a way of ________ the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the
cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.
[A] picking up
[B] coping with
[C] passing out
[D] getting across
29. Tom’s mother tried hard to persuade him to ________ from his intention to
invest his savings in stock market.
[A] pull out
[B] give up
[C] draw in
[D] back down
30. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced
medical ________, will become progressively more reliant on expensive
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technology.
[A] interference
[B] interruption
[C] intervention
[D] interaction
31. These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the
________ of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s.
[A] branch
[B] category
[C] domain
[D] scope
32. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the ________ in the financial
system will drag down the economy.
[A] shallowness
[B] shakiness
[C] scantiness
[D] stiffness
33. Crisis would be the right term to describe the ________ in many animal
species.
[A] minimization
[B] restriction
[C] descent
[D] decline
34. The city is an important railroad ________ and industrial and convention
center.
[A] conjunction
[B] network
[C] junction
[D] link
35. Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to ________ myself of
every chance to improve my English.
[A] assure
[B] inform
[C] avail
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[D] notify
36. Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that
________ disease resistance in neighboring plants.
[A] contracts
[B] activates
[C] maintains
[D] prescribe
37. Corporations and labor unions have ________ great benefits upon their
employees and members as well as upon the general public.
[A] conferred
[B] granted
[C] flung
[D] submitted
38. The movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which
was ________ from one new moon to the next.
[A] measured
[B] reckoned
[C] judged
[D] assessed
39. The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was
________ to the issue at hand.
[A] irrational
[B] unreasonable
[C] invalid
[D] irrelevant
40. Fuel scarcities and price increases ________ automobile designers to scale
down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and
trucks.
[A] persuaded
[B] prompted
[C] imposed
[D] enlightened
Section II: Cloze Test
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Directions:
For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A],
[B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1
by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies __41__ low accident rates
plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to
keep them __42__ and active. When the work is well done, a __43__ of
accident-free operations is established __44__ time lost due to injuries is kept at a
minimum.
Successful safety programs may __45__ greatly in the emphasis placed on
certain aspects of the program.
Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work
practices by __46__ rules or regulations. __47__ others depend on an emotional
appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every
program if maximum results are to be obtained.
There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial
stand-point alone, safety __48__. The fewer the injury __49__, the better the
workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at
__50__ or at a loss.
41. [A] at
[B] in
[C] on
[D] with
42. [A] alive
[B] vivid
[C] mobile
[D] diverse
43. [A] regulation
[B] climate
[C] circumstance
[D] requirement
44. [A] where
[B] how
[C] what
[D] unless
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45. [A] alter
[B] differ
[C] shift
[D] distinguish
46. [A] constituting
[B] aggravating
[C] observing
[D] justifying
47. [A] Some
[B] Many
[C] Even
[D] Still
48. [A] comes off
[B] turns up
[C] pays off
[D] holds up
49. [A] claims
[B] reports
[C] declarations
[D] proclamations
50. [A] an advantage
[B] a benefit
[C] an interest
[D] a profit
Section III: Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there
are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and
choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a
pencil. (40 points)
Text 1
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It’s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on
your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the
doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might
compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,
when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.
Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels,
trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several
inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. The
label on a child’s Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly.”
While warnings are often appropriate and necessary -- the dangers of drug
interactions, for example -- and many are required by state or federal regulations, it
isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a
customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers
take them to court.
Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before,
some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a
warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons,
president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a
football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. “We’re
really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren’t designed to prevent those
kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not
the helmet, was the reason for the athlete’s injury. At the same time, the American
Law Institute -- a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations
carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies
need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of
possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a
law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the
moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might
actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal
liability.
51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?
[A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.
[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.
[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.
[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.
52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to ________.
[A] satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products
[B] become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products
[C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability
[D] feel obliged to view customers’ safety as their first concern
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