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电子科技大学
2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：288 单独考试英语
注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一． Reading Comprehension (50 points)
Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each
one by choosing A), B), C), or D). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
What you can remember from age 3 may help improve aspects of your life far into adulthood.
Children who have the ability to recall and make sense of memories from daily life — the first day
of preschool, the time the cat died — can use them to better develop a sense of identity, form
relationships and make sound choices in adolescence and adulthood, new research shows.
While the lives of many youngsters today are heavily documented in photos and video on social
media and stored in families’ digital archives, studies suggest photos and videos have little impact.
Parents play a bigger role in helping determine not just how many early memories children can recall,
but how children interpret and learn from the events of their earliest experiences.
“Our personal memories define who we are. They bond us together,” says Robyn Fivush, a
psychology professor at Emory University in Atlanta and an author of dozens of the topic. Children
whose parents encourage recalling and storytelling about daily events show better coping and
problem-solving skills by their preteens, and fewer symptoms of depression, research shows.
Some memories help build a sense of self-continuity, or personal identity, says a 2011 study.
People recall these memories when they “want to feel that I am the same person that I was before”,
or “when I want to understand how I have changed from who I was before”. A hurricane survivor,
for example, might recall the memory as proof that she can survive tough experiences and grow
stronger as a result.
Other memories serve a directive function, and guide behavior. People recall these when
making decisions or to avoid repeating past mistakes. A person whose dog was killed by a car is
likely to call on the memory when deciding to keep pets on a leash.
A third type, social-bounding memories, involving relationships with others. People recall these
when they want to strengthen relationships or form new ties, the study says. A college student who
participated in a different study cited bedtime-sessions with his father, who read him the entire Lord
of the Rings Trilogy, as a motivator to build and maintain strong family ties in his adult life.
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The ability to draw on all three types of memories predicts higher psychological well-being, a
greater sense of purpose and more positive relationships, according to a study of 103 college
students published last year in the journal Memory.
1. What can we conclude from Paragraph 1?
A) Early memories are usually difficult for adults to forget.
B) Early memories are significant for some aspects of adulthood life.
C) Early memories can help children have a happy life.
D) Early memories are mainly about preschool and cats.
2. From Paragraph 2, we get to know photos and videos ____.
A) record most of parents’ early lives
B) can help children recall their early memories easily
C) usually take the place of children’s early memories
D) can’t play an important role as early memories do
3. Which of the following examples belongs to self-continuity or personal identity?
A) Past hard life makes people much stronger.
B) Memories about accidents make people sad or cry.
C) People are willing to recall good memories rather than bad ones.
D) People may feel happy when sweet memories hop in their mind.
4. The author’s attitude toward functions of early memories is____.
A) opposed B) affirmative C) paradoxical D) uncertain
5. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
A) The Earliest Memories B) Earliest Memories, Good or Bad
C) The Power of Earliest Memories D) How to Recall Earliest Memories Better
Passage 2
Immigration is in the headlines again, with President Obama’s decision last week to stop
deporting young illegal immigrants who came to the United States as children, and the Supreme
Court’s approaching decision on the constitutionality of Arizona’s crackdown on undocumented
migrants. But too much of the public debate has focused on the legality of immigration without
considering a fundamental question: What effects has mass immigration had on American society?
Some of the most meticulous research was done to date about the effects of immigration on a
cross section of American communities — urban, suburban and rural. The scholars who participated
were in remarkable agreement: while new immigrants are poorer than the general population and
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