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电子科技大学
2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：244 英语(二外 仅日语方向)
注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should
decide on the best choice and then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new
knowledge into new products and services.
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world
leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should
take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.
However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in
taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and
research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting
position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped
transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger
than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large
variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of
universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the
leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In
the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding.
These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates,
science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource
concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and
commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work
creates differences between universities.
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The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their
research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and
environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in
order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research
commercialization spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK
which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous
investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a
key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
1. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
A) They fail to convert knowledge into money.
B) They do not regard it as their responsibility.
C) They still have a place among the world leaders.
D) They have lost their leading position in many ways.
2. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities' performance in
commercialization?
A) It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.
B) It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.
C) It does not reflect the differences among universities.
D) It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
3. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that "policy interventions" (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to _____.
A) government aid to non-research-oriented universities
B) compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
C) fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
D) concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
4. What does the author suggest research-led universities do?
A) Publicize their research to win international recognition.
B) Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.
C) Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
D) Spread their influence among top research institutions.
5. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth?
A) By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.
B) By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.
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