2017 考博英语 阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（五十八）

考博英语阅读大部分博士研究生招生院校都使用《经济学人》杂志文章作为题源，考博信息网|http://www.kaoboinfo.com教育考博频道为考博生们将其中的文章进行深度分析，希望能提高大家的考博英语阅读水平，读懂长难句。

导读

移民运动是在本质上不同于军事武装征服入侵时所引起的广泛的人群迁移，它是人类在发展过程中的族群扩张活动，是经济扩张的一种形式。在现代以民族国家为主体的国际体系下，移民现象可分为国境内的移民，以及跨国境的移民;跨国境的移民又分为移民出境与外来移民两种。

The hypocrites’ club

虚伪者俱乐部

Poor countries need to allow more immigration, too

贫穷国家也应该接纳更多移民

The governments of poor countries are right to complain about the West’s restrictive immigration policies. But they are often guilty of the same

贫穷国家对于西方国家限制性移民政策的指责是对的，可是他们自己也在犯同样的错。

Dec 24th 2016

2016年12月24日

A POLITICAL brain teaser: which party in which country has promised “punitive measures” against illegal immigration, has threatened to disenfranchise people who arrived half a century ago and has told migrants to “be prepared with their bags packed”

一直存在一个政治难题：到底哪个国家的哪个政党承诺过对非法移民采取“惩罚性措施”或者威胁要剥夺半个世纪前移民到这个国家民众的选举权甚至告诉移民“随时准备打包回家”

Punitive: adj.惩罚性的，苛刻的

Disenfranchise: v.剥夺权利(投票权)

The answer is not the National Front of France, the United Kingdom Independence Party, Jobbik of Hungary or indeed any other insurgent political party in the West. It is the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party of India. The BJP and its leader, Narendra Modi, rail against immigrants from Bangladesh, of whom there might well be more in India than there are Mexicans in America (see article). This nativist ranting is evidence of a nasty strain of developing-world demagoguery.

这个国家或者政党不是法国民族阵线，不是英国独立党，不是匈牙利比克党，事实上，它不是任何一个西方暴动政党，而是印度人民党。印度人民党及其领导人伦纳德拉-莫迪怒斥孟加拉国的移民，印度孟加拉国移民的数量可能比美国的墨西哥移民数量还多(详见文章)。这种先天主义的咆哮彰显了发展中国家煽动人心的卑劣行径。

Demagoguery: v.煽动人心，煽动术

Pakistan is currently trying to evict hundreds of thousands of Afghan immigrants, some of whom have lived in the country for decades. Gabon and Equatorial Guinea are expelling migrants from central Africa. Mexico, which complains bitterly (and rightly) about the treatment of its people in America, does far too little to prevent the mass kidnapping and murder of immigrants from Central America.

巴基斯坦正在试图驱逐数以万计的阿富汗移民，其中有些移民已经在巴基斯坦居住了数十年。加蓬和赤道几内亚正在驱逐来自中非的移民。强烈(且合理)抱怨本国人民在美国遭受不公正待遇的墨西哥，对于保护国内生活的中美移民免遭绑架和谋杀所付出的努力示微乎其微的。

All political leaders, even dictators, must take some note of how their people feel, and the citizens of poor and middle-income countries are often no better disposed to immigrants than are voters in the rich world. Besides, a government that threatens to shut its refugee camps or uproot millions of migrant workers from their homes might be able to extort some money out of Western donors. But the treatment meted out to immigrants in developing countries is nonetheless dismal—futile, illiberal and economically ruinous.

所有的政治领导人甚至是独裁者都需要考虑人民的感受，中低收入国家的公民们和高收入国家的选民们一样没什么机会了解移民问题。此外，那些扬言要关闭难民营和逐出百万数量移民的政府可以趁这次机会向西方捐赠机构敲诈一笔。但是，尽管如此，发展中国家对移民的政策还是成效惨淡---无效、不开明、耗资不菲。

Extort: v.敲诈，勒索

Dismal: adj.凄凉的，惨淡的，阴沉的

Even in rich countries, where most workers have formal jobs and are known to the authorities, illegal immigrants are hard to catch. In poorer countries, where the state is weak and almost everybody works informally, it is close to impossible. National boundaries tend to be porous. At about 4,100km (2,500 miles), the border between Bangladesh and India is longer than the border between Mexico and the United States. It is so thinly policed that cattle can be trafficked across it.

即使是在工人都有官方认可正式工作的高收入国家，非法移民很难赶上当地人的生活水平。在政府软弱同时几乎每个人都从事非正式工作的低收入国家，对于非法移民来说，更是难以获得成功。国家边界线变得越来越松散，孟加拉国和印度之间将近4100千米(约合2500英里)的边界线要长于墨西哥和美国边界线。但是边界线的警戒治安非常薄弱，人们甚至可以穿越边界线贩售牲畜。

Like migrants everywhere, the people who cross into developing countries are nearly always trying to better themselves and their families. Unlike the migrants who make it to the West and the Gulf states, they are frequently very poor indeed. When America and Europe tighten their borders, middle-class Indians and Nigerians lose out; when India and Nigeria crack down, some of the world’s most desperate people suffer.

像各地的移民一样，移民到发展中国家的人们几乎总在试图改善自己和家人的生活。与那些移居西方和海湾各国的移民不同的是，他们常常非常贫穷。当美国和欧洲加强边境控制，印度与尼日利亚的中产阶级将会吃亏;当印度和尼日利亚镇压当地民众，一些世界上最悲惨的人会遭受痛苦。