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2001 年国际关系学院硕士研究生入学考试
英语专业
英语(一)试题
考生须知
1 答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上的无效
2 限三个小时内完卷
3 考生不得携带任何词典或书本
4 知识交卷时必须交还试题
ⅠTranslate the following into Chinese (50%)
Until early in this century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American
foreign policy. Then two factors projected America into world affairs: its rapidly
expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on
Europe. The watershed presidencies marked this progression: Theodore Roosevelt's
(1) and Woodrow Wilson's (2). These men held the reins of government when world
affairs were drawing a reluctant nation into their vortex. Both recognized that
America had a crucial role to play in world affairs though they justified its
emergence from isolation with opposite philosophies.
Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on
an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and
because a global balance of power was inconceivable to him without American
participation. For Wilson, the justification of America's international role was
messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread
its principles throughout the world. During the Wilson's Administration, America
emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while
reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary
departure for Old World diplomats. These principles held that peace depends on the
spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as
individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal
system of law.
To hardened veterans of a European diplomacy based on the balance of power,
Wilson's views about the ultimately moral foundations of foreign policy appeared
strange, even hypocritical. Yet Wilsonianism has survived while history has bypassed
the reservations of his contemporaries. Wilson was the originator of the vision of
a universal world organization, the League of Nations, which would keep the peace
through collective security rather than alliance. Though Wilson could not convince
his own country of its merit, the idea lived on. It is above all to the drumbeat
of Wilsonian idealism that American foreign policy has marched since his watershed
presidency, and continues to march to this day.
America's singular approach to international affairs did not develop all at once,
or as the consequence of a solitary inspiration. In the early years of the Republic,
American foreign policy was in fact a sophisticated reflection of the American
national interest, which was, simply, to fortify the new nation's independence.
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